Yếu tố di truyền ảnh hưởng chiều cao đến mức nào?
– Câu trả lời ngắn cho câu hỏi này: 60 -80 % được xác định bởi yếu tố di truyền, trong khi 20 -40 % có thể được quy cho các tác động môi trường, chủ yếu là dinh dưỡng
+ Tại các nước phát triển như US, vai trò của Gen chiếm 80% hoặc hơn
+ Tại các nước đang phát triển: ảnh hưởng cảu gen chỉ góp phần khảng 65%
(Ở các nước phát triển, dinh dưỡng cho sự phát triển thời thơ ấu rất mạnh, giúp tối đa hóa tiềm năng di truyền cho chiều cao giả định không có đột biến mới. Do đó, ảnh hưởng của di truyền có xu hướng cao hơn 80 %. Ngược lại, ở các nước đang phát triển, thiếu hụt dinh dưỡng dẫn đến ảnh hưởng của di truyền thấp hơn: 60-65%)
Điều trị đặc biệt và bổ sung chất dinh dưỡng có thể tăng chiều cao hơn nữa?
+ Câu trả lời là: có
+ Chất dinh dưỡng quan trọng nhất cho chiều cao cuối cùng là protein trong thời thơ ấu. Khoáng chất, đặc biệt là canxi và vitamin A và D cũng ảnh hưởng đến chiều cao.
–> Với các bé gái chiều cao đạt được sự bứt phá lớn trong độ tuổi từ 8 đến 13. Các bé trai đạt được sự tăng trưởng này trong độ tuổi từ 10 đến 15. Vì vậy, dinh dưỡng đầy đủ trước tuổi dậy thì rất quan trọng đối với chiều cao.
Hành động cụ thể:
1. Ngủ sớm
Trẻ em cần ngủ từ 10 đến 12 giờ mỗi đêm. Cơ thể của con bạn không thể phát triển đúng cách mà không nghỉ ngơi đầy đủ. Tăng thời gian đi ngủ thậm chí sớm hơn một giờ mỗi đêm sẽ giúp đảm bảo nghỉ ngơi cho chu kỳ tăng trưởng của con bạn.
2. Cho trẻ ăn nhiều thực phẩm giàu protein như cá và thịt nạc.
Theo một nghiên cứu được công bố trên Tạp chí Dinh dưỡng, trẻ em duy trì chế độ ăn giàu protein cho thấy sự tăng chiều cao đáng kể so với trẻ bị hạn chế chế độ ăn ít protein.
3. Tích cực vận động
Khuyến khích các hoạt động tập thể dục hàng ngày như đạp xe, đi bộ hoặc các môn thể thao ngoài trời để giữ cho con bạn phát triển với tốc độ phù hợp và chống béo phì. Những hoạt động này sẽ khuyến khích con bạn tiếp tục di chuyển, thay vì ngồi trước tivi hoặc trò chơi điện tử.
4. Bổ sung đúng lượng canxi, sắt và vitamin A
Các nghiên cứu về vai trò của bổ sung các chất vi lượng đến phát triển chiều cao cho đến nay còn chưa thống nhất, nhưng sự kết hợp với protein sẽ có lợi cho sự phát triển của con bạn hơn là làm cho nó chậm lại.
5. Phát hiện sớm các tình trạng bệnh lý của con bạn nếu có.
Chiều cao phát triển không bình thường có thể là biểu hiện của bệnh lý nào đó, bạn cần đưa trẻ đến bác sĩ để làm rõ tình trạng này.
BS. Đông
Nguồn:
https://www.livestrong.com/article/224696-how-to-increase-height-for-kids/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-of-human-height
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